TNF and cancer: Pheophorbide a (PA) exerts antiviral [18], antioxidant [19], anti-inflammatory [20], antidiabetic [21,22], anticancer [23], and antiparasitic effects [24] through regulation of hepatitis C virus, scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryldrazyl-radical, and induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion, α-glucosidase activity, insulin secretion, cancer cell proliferation, and Leishmania amazonensis cell death, respectively.