Upon disruption of LRRK2-PKA RIIβ binding, as in the PD-related missense mutation LRRK2 R1441C [323], PKA is likely free to translocate from shafts into the spines, resulting in increased GluR1 phosphorylation in response to D1Rs and morphological alterations [321]. Here, LRRK2 is linked to Parkinson disease.