ESR1 and breast carcinoma: In breast cancer, pomegranate exhibits the following effects: anti-aromatase and anti-estrogenic activities [17], regulates the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smads pathway [18], exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, reduces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels [19,20,21], downregulates the expression of the genes involved in the damage of DNA [22], downregulates the estrogen-responsive genes [23], and disrupts estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways [24].