DKK3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Dysregulated DKK3 expression is linked to the development of a number of diseases like cardiac hypertrophy [28], systemic lupus erythematosus [29], Alzheimers [30], bone formation and bone diseases [31], cancer [7,8,9], etc. Current understanding of the molecular mechanism of DKK3 signaling is limited.