TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: About 5–10 % of ALS cases are familial and are caused by specific mutations [18], the most prevalent genes affected are chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72, ~40% of familial cases), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1, ~12%), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43, (~4%), or fused in sarcoma (FUS, ~5% of familial and 1% of sporadic cases) (reviewed in [19,20]).