FDPS and breast carcinoma: The potential significance of the noticed overexpression of GGPS1, FDPS, and GART in the pathophysiology of cancer types, other than breast cancer, is evident by the fitness dependency of multiple hard-to-treat cancer cell types such as esophageal, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, and ovarian cancers, on the presence of GGPS1, FDPS, and GART (Figure 6A,B).