The 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L system is an innate immune pathway that responds to the double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that serve as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce the degradation of viral and cellular RNAs, thereby blocking the viral infection [1,2,3]. The gene discussed is RNASEL; the disease is viral infectious disease.