Consistent with previous reports showing that MDA-7/IL-24 inhibits angiogenesis [12,14,15], induces apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 [27,66,67], and promotes ER stress [8,25,36,51,52,53,54], Ad.5-TCTV infection reduced CD-31 and Bcl-2 levels and increased GRP-78 protein levels (Figure 8B) in treated tumors. Here, HSPA5 is linked to infection.