The mRNA and protein expression of numerous invasion-associated ECM molecules such as Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4), mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), and MMP-2 vary between different GBM subtypes, and such ECM compositions can be used as prognostic indicators for patients with GBM [77]. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and glioblastoma.