Remarkably, our present analysis of inflammatory mediators relevant to both PD and AMD in AMD+PD mice retinae revealed significant (p < 0.01) up-regulation of pro-inflammatory [Tnf-α (≥6 folds), Tgf-β1 (≥7 folds), Il-1β (≥3 folds)] and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory (Il-10; 0.8-fold) markers consistent with advanced AMD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration.