The anticholinergic agent Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) [171], but also curcumin (a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties) [172,173], have both been shown to exert a preventive effect on glycerol-induced AKI while also decreasing cell apoptosis in renal tissue, enhancing Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and acute kidney injury.