Indeed, HO-1 has been involved in toxicity (gentamycin, cisplatin, calcineurin inhibitor, radiocontrast product, mercuric chloride), septic, mechanic (obstruction), hemodynamic (hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion), metabolic (diabetes), genetic (Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)) and renal-specific (membranous nephropathies, anti GBM) and systemic (Lupus nephropathy) immunologic pathologies (Table 1). The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.