S100B and diabetes mellitus: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) [16] and cytosolic calcium-binding protein, S100B [17], have been associated with preclinical diabetes diagnosis and prognosis of optic nerve diseases [16,17,18]; as well as S100B-related ischemic conditions in the Sympathetic activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans (SABPA) cohort [14].