The CPS is evaluated by IHC with the anti-PD-L1 mouse monoclonal antibody, 22C3 (pharmDx, Agilent DAKO), and is determined by the number of PD-L1 staining cells (tumor cells, lymphocytes, macrophages), divided by the total number of viable tumor cells, multiplied by 100. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.