Low-dose TMAO also significantly promoted low-dose of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [58] or high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediated by TF expression via activating NF-κB signaling and finally, studies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, linking increased plasma concentrations TMAO with increased TF activity [59]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.