To summarize, in PD patients compared to healthy controls, (1) CSF concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 was found to be higher [77]; (2) serum concentration of IL-1β as well as caspase-1 activity were shown to be increased [78]; and (3) protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were seen to be augmented in PBMCs [78]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Parkinson disease.