Even more recently, we observed that stimulation of PBMC with monomeric or aggregated α-syn induced a comparable NLRP3 and ASC-speck expression, as well as IL-18 and caspase-1 production in cells of PD patients and healthy controls, indicating that α-syn does not stimulate the NLRP3 inflammasome activity. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and Parkinson disease.