PBK and neoplasm: PBK/TOPK also possesses the capacity to activate the interaction of transcriptional factor β-catenin, with its transcriptional coactivators T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF), which subsequently upregulates the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9, thereby facilitating the invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells [16].