AKT1 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: The pro-proliferative and pro-survival effect of AKT/mTOR in PASMC has been demonstrated in humans including patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), as well as in animal PH models, including hypoxia-induced PH (HPH), hypoxia/Sugen-induced PH (Su/Hyp-PH), and monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) [60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67].