PON1 and diabetes mellitus: Similarly, in northwest Indian Punjabis, a distinct ethnic group characterized by the high incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), after analyzing Q192R, L55M polymorphisms in the coding and -909 G/C, -162 A/G, -108 C/T in the promoter region of the PON1 gene, the association of the QR, RR (Q192R) and GC, CC (-909 G/C) genotypes and the L-C-A-R-G, L-T-A-R-G, L-T-G-Q-C haplotypes with T2DM was detected.