BMPR1B and renal fibrosis: Several strategies have been developed to combat TGF-β/SMAD signaling-induced fibrosis, including small molecule inhibitors for the receptor serine/threonine kinase [29,30], neutralizing antibodies [31], decorin [32,33], SMAD7 overexpression [34], etc. These approaches have been demonstrated to inhibit renal fibrosis and inflammation in various rodent models.