In a meta-analysis of seven RCTs, Heshmati et al. found no significant effect of probiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices like weight, BMI, and waist circumferences as well as HOMA-IR and LDL, in PCOS patients compared to placebo; they instead found a significant effect on glycemic control, with lower insulin levels, and on lipid metabolism, by lowering TG serum levels and increasing HDL. Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.