An observational study at the MD Anderson Cancer Center analyzed bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens from 124 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelo-monocytic leukemia (CMML), and AML who received hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and reported that PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on CD34-positive cells were found in 7% and 20% of the patients, respectively [15]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and acute myeloid leukemia.