NFKB1 and cystic fibrosis: It has been shown that ibuprofen can inhibit the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, two important proinflammatory transcription factors [21]; activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma in CF airway epithelial cell lines [22,23]; and modulate inflammatory signaling through the elongation of intracellular microtubules and restoration of microtubule-related transport [24].