Of note, several nutritional interventions, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), and bovine and human breast milk exosomes, have been shown to influence goblet cells and mucus barrier function in animal NEC models [42,43,44,45,46,47]. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and necrotizing enterocolitis.