AKT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In 2016, Martinez-Quetglas et al. studied the efficacy of xentuzumab on inhibiting the IGF signaling pathway and the drug’s effects on HCC and found that xentuzumab, with or without sorafenib, inhibited IGF-1R phosphorylation as well as AKT signaling in the liver of mice with xenograft HCC tumors.