TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: This peptide promotes the reduction of food consumption, as well as serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and leptin levels, regardless of weight loss when administered to animals with obesity and metabolic syndrome induced by diet [84], together with a decrease in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides (TG) [85].