In a few studies, the number of TNTs could be reduced by the shRNA (short hairpin RNA) -mediated knockdown of CD38 in human multiple myeloma cells [74], impairing the IL-10 (Interleukin-10)/STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) signaling pathway in human macrophages [67] or blocking beta-CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II) in the neuronal cell line [110]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is AL amyloidosis.