RRM1 and breast carcinoma: Consistent with previous studies showing that SNPs in RRM1 are associated with response or toxicity to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in lung and breast cancer patients [198,199]; findings from a recent study conducted with GWA studies in 154 European and 125 non-European AML adult patients suggest that the SNPs in RRM1 are associated with AML response to chemotherapy that include cytarabine [96].