INS and diabetes mellitus: Figure 2b depicts race model difference waveforms by diabetes status, where the solid black trace represents individuals without diabetes, the solid white trace represents individuals with diabetes not on insulin therapy, and the gray dashed trace represents individuals with diabetes on insulin therapy. As shown in Figure 2b, magnitude of area-under-the-curve during the fastest 10% of RTs (highlighted gray box) significantly decreases with increased severity of diabetes.