Moreover, in the context of findings that IFN-γ and IL-17 are necessary for eliciting a therapeutic effect from PI3K inhibition in melanoma [32], our results suggest that host inhibition of PI3K p110γ enhances the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T-cells via IFN-γ and/or IL-17 associated pathways. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CD and neoplasm.