Amyloid self-assembly plays a crucial role in the field of diseases caused by protein misfolding and aggregation into fibrils (Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), prion protein (PrP)-related encephalopathies, and many other amyloidosis [140,141]. The gene discussed is PRNP; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.