Thus, the suggested localization of PON1 and PON3 in astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, and the observed colocalization of PON3 in microglia indicate a potential antioxidant role of PON1 and PON3 in decreasing levels of ROS and/or preventing lipid peroxidation in these cell types in AD pathology. This evidence concerns the gene PON1 and Alzheimer disease.