In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse models, the downregulation of phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2 was observed; σ-1 agonist SA4503 could upregulate the levels of phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2 in a time-dependent manner [40]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.