More recent evidence, however, demonstrates that phytochemicals can regulate other mechanisms to inhibit pathological cardiac hypertrophy that includes regulation of signal transduction (e.g., mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK)), contractile function (e.g., Ca2+ handling) and epigenetic modifications (e.g., histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition) [7]. Here, HDAC9 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.