NPs consisting of functional GO conjugated with PEG, FA and indocyanine green acting as photosensitizer fabricated for delivery of MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitor (6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-N4-methylpyrimidine- 2,4-diamine hydrochloride; TH287) and DOX applied in combined chemo-photodynamic therapy, inhibited the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, stimulated both apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the MTH1 protein and enhanced ROS accumulation. The gene discussed is NUDT1; the disease is osteosarcoma.