In 2012, a study by Crough and colleagues revealed that the in vitro stimulation of CMV-specific T cells from glioblastoma patients with CMV peptide epitopes enabled them to produce high levels of multiple cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and IFNγ) and enhance their cytolytic function (CD107a mobilization) [112]. Here, TNF is linked to glioblastoma.