CSF2 and glioblastoma: Two years later, in a phase I trial (NCT00639639), the same research group evaluated the safety and feasibility of vaccinating newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients with pp65-DCs admixed with GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) following host conditioning with dose-intensified TMZ, as well as investigating patient cellular immune responses by determining PFS and OS and comparing them with those resulting from the current standard-of-care therapy [107].