RIGI and viral infectious disease: A prototypic PAMP is double stranded RNA (dsRNA), an obligatory molecular pattern of viral infection, which may be recognized by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) upon exposure to the endosomal lumen, or by RNA helicases—the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) upon exposure in the cytoplasm [1,5].