NANOG and ovarian carcinoma: In ovarian cancer, two pathways of sugar metabolism are involved in cancer cell growth and mobility: HK2 expression → FAK → ERK1/2 → Nanog → stem cell growth enhancement, and ERK1/2 → MMP9 → increased cell mobility [4], where FAK refers to focal adhesion kinase and ERK refers to extracellular signal-related kinase.