Similarly to mice, infertility associated with PCD in men is correlated with defective sperm motility (Imtiaz et al., 2015); particularly, abnormalities in sperm flagella morphology are observed in patients with homozygous frameshift and nonsense mutations in DNAH1. Patients exhibit asthenzoospermia and flagellar morphological abnormalities such as short, coiled, kinked, and absent flagella (Wang et al., 2017). The gene discussed is DNAH1; the disease is primary ciliary dyskinesia.