Key regulators of spermatogenesis are the peroxisomal membrane adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP), the hemojuvelin gene (HJV), Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) 1 and 2, the Survivor motor neuron 1 (SMN1), which codes for the SMN protein, the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 3 (ENT3), and Gap Junction Protein, Alpha-1 (GJA1), which codes for Connexin 43. This evidence concerns the gene GJA1 and polycystic kidney disease.