LDHA and lung carcinoma: The lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) protein is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, and upregulation of LDHA expression has been reported to play key roles in cell growth , cell migration, cancer stem-like phenotype and chemoresistance in a variety of tumors, including lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, neuroblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma 25, 26.