However, the insulin treatment at a sufficient dose started immediately after the confirmation of diabetes modeling at week 4 (DM + ins hi 4-8 w group) led to a significant increase in both the total ECs and type H ECs (Figure 4D-G), cytokines mediating the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis (Figure 5A), number and function of osteoblastic cells (Figure 5B-D), bone formation (Figure 5E-F), osteoclast activity (Figure S3A-C), bone mass quality (Figure 5G-H and Figure S4A), and total length (Figure 5I) of the tibia of DM mice. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.