NFKB1 and malignant colon neoplasm: Recent studies have demonstrated that polyphenols exert therapeutic and preventive effects against colon cancer by modulating multiple signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo, such as the NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway (102, 103).