CCND3 and diabetes mellitus: However, we previously showed (10) that the Cyclin D3 deficiency dramatically exacerbates T1D in NOD mice, while its overexpression in beta cells protects them against diabetes; furthermore, neither of these conditions, i.e., deficiency or overexpression, has any effect on beta cell replication (10), which strongly suggests that the role of Cyclin D3 in beta cells is independent of CDK11p58.