AGT and cardiac hypertrophy: The present study provides the first evidence that PI3KC1 contributes to Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting autophagy and increasing mitochondrial ROS production, and that PI3KC3 has a protective effect on Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting autophagy-mediated scavenging of mitochondrial ROS in cardiomyocytes (as summarized in Figure 8).