α-Syn enhances the intake of holo-transferrin (Tf)-transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) complexes in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, indicating that it regulates the level of iron in some cells19,25, and it inhibits Snx3-retromer mediated recycling of iron-regulatory proteins in a yeast PD model26. This evidence concerns the gene TF and Parkinson disease.