Although the antibiotic-treated and EC-challenged mice showed a significant increase in serum anti-OVA IgE and anti-OVA IgG1 levels (Fig. S6) and an upregulation in the levels of skin inflammatory mediators compared to that observed in the antibiotic-treated control group (Fig. S7A), the histopathological changes in skin inflammation were almost completely inhibited compared to that in EC-challenged mice that did not undergo oral antibiotic treatment (Fig. 6B and C). The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is dermatitis.