NFKB1 and neoplasm: As reported, zinc could optimize anti-tumour effects by inhibiting LPS-, ROS- or other immune factor-induced oncogenic signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, activator protein-1, Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and PI3K/Akt; decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by chemo- and radiotherapy; promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes; and improve the tumour microenvironment to reduce the risk of prostate, oesophageal, lung, and oral cancers [120–122].