TGFB1 and fetal growth restriction: To explore the potential pathway involved in the poor chondrogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs from IUGR, we focused on the TGFβ signaling pathway, which has been reported to be indispensable for the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) both in vivo and in vitro [40, 49, 50].