HCAR2 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Whilst no clinical trials have investigated FAEs for their dual Nrf2/HCAR2 activator action in DMD patients at present [123], the synthetic flavonone, epicatechin, which has strong anti-inflammatory properties [124, 125] and is an Nrf2 activator [126] (in addition to several other purported mechanisms of action such as myostatin suppression), has tested favourably in the mdx mouse [127, 128] and is in clinical development for BMD (NCT04386304) [129] (but not DMD).