LGALS9 and infection: For example, infection by Mycobacterium, Shigella, Listeria, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Legionella, Yersinia, Coxiella, and Helicobacter causes damage in phagosomes or lysosomes and triggers the accumulation of different galectins, including galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-4, galectin-8, and galectin-9 in diverse cell types, such as macrophages, epithelial cells, and microvascular endothelium cells [5–13].