Arginase genetic polymorphisms (rs2781667 of the ARG1 gene, rs17249437, rs3742879,rs7140310 of the ARG2 gene) were studied in 236 children with asthma and 194 unrelated healthy individualsof Russian, Tatar and Bashkir ethnicity from the Republic of Bashkortostan. The gene discussed is ARG2; the disease is asthma.